IP.CC
Search
IP address details
AS39378
servinga GmbH ·www.servinga.com
IP address details
AS39378
servinga GmbH ·www.servinga.com
  • Summary IP.CC
  • Prefixes
  • Peers
  • Upstream
  • Downstream
  • Graphs
  • World Map
  • WHOIS Details
  • IX

Summary

  • As Number
    AS39378
  • Org Name
    servinga GmbH
  • Country
    Germany
  • Country Code
    DE
  • Website
  • Regional Registry
    RIPE
  • Allocated Date
    16th January 2018
  • Allocated Status
    Allocated
  • Ipv4 Prefixes
    16
  • Ipv6 Prefixes
    3
  • Ipv4 Peers
    5
  • Ipv6 Peers
    12
  • Ipv4 Upstreams
    4
  • Ipv6 Upstreams
    4

Prefixes

There are 16 IPv4 Prefixes for this ASN.

IP Ranges API
Get this data and more with IPinfo's powerful IP Ranges API - quickly and easily identify company-owned IP ranges.
Useful for GameTech, and Advertising Technology
IP Ranges API
Get this data and more with IPinfo's powerful IP Ranges API - quickly and easily identify company-owned IP ranges.
Useful for GameTech, and Advertising Technology

Peers

There are 5 IPv4 Peers for this ASN.

Country
ASN
Description
IPv6
United StatesAS174
Cogent Communications
true
GermanyAS47447
23M GmbH
true
United StatesAS6939
Hurricane Electric LLC
true
United KingdomAS9002
RETN Limited
true
RomaniaAS9009
M247 Europe SRL
true
  • 1
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity

Upstream

There are 4 IPv4 Upstreams for this ASN.

Country
ASN
Description
IPv6
United StatesAS174
Cogent Communications
true
GermanyAS47447
23M GmbH
true
United KingdomAS9002
RETN Limited
true
RomaniaAS9009
M247 Europe SRL
true
  • 1
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity

Downstream

There are 0 IPv4 Downstreams for this ASN.

Country
ASN
Description
IPv6
暂无数据
  • 1
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity

Graphs

AS39378 Combined Upstream Graph AS39378 AS39378 AS174 AS174 AS39378->AS174 AS9002 AS9002 AS39378->AS9002 AS9009 AS9009 AS39378->AS9009 AS47447 AS47447 AS39378->AS47447 AS2497 AS2497 AS174->AS2497 AS2914 AS2914 AS174->AS2914 AS7018 AS7018 AS174->AS7018 AS3356 AS3356 AS9002->AS3356 AS1239 AS1239 AS9002->AS1239 AS6461 AS6461 AS9002->AS6461 AS3257 AS3257 AS9002->AS3257 AS6453 AS6453 AS9002->AS6453 AS9009->AS174 AS9009->AS1239 AS9009->AS3257 AS5511 AS5511 AS9009->AS5511 AS1299 AS1299 AS47447->AS1299 AS3356->AS2497 AS3356->AS2914 AS3356->AS7018 AS209 AS209 AS3356->AS209 AS3549 AS3549 AS3356->AS3549 AS701 AS701 AS5511->AS701 AS1299->AS2497 AS1299->AS2914 AS1299->AS7018 AS1299->AS701
AS39378 Combined Upstream Graph AS39378 AS39378 AS174 AS174 AS39378->AS174 AS9002 AS9002 AS39378->AS9002 AS9009 AS9009 AS39378->AS9009 AS47447 AS47447 AS39378->AS47447 AS2497 AS2497 AS174->AS2497 AS2914 AS2914 AS174->AS2914 AS7018 AS7018 AS174->AS7018 AS3356 AS3356 AS9002->AS3356 AS1239 AS1239 AS9002->AS1239 AS6461 AS6461 AS9002->AS6461 AS3257 AS3257 AS9002->AS3257 AS6453 AS6453 AS9002->AS6453 AS9009->AS174 AS9009->AS1239 AS9009->AS3257 AS5511 AS5511 AS9009->AS5511 AS1299 AS1299 AS47447->AS1299 AS3356->AS2497 AS3356->AS2914 AS3356->AS7018 AS209 AS209 AS3356->AS209 AS3549 AS3549 AS3356->AS3549 AS701 AS701 AS5511->AS701 AS1299->AS2497 AS1299->AS2914 AS1299->AS7018 AS1299->AS701

World Map

WHOIS Details

% This is the RIPE Database query service.
% The objects are in RPSL format.
%
% The RIPE Database is subject to Terms and Conditions.
% See https://docs.db.ripe.net/terms-conditions.html

% Information related to 'AS39378'

% Abuse contact for 'AS39378' is '[email protected]'

aut-num: AS39378
as-name: servinga
org: ORG-SG288-RIPE
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks: Current Transit Providers:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks:
remarks: 23media GmbH
import: from AS47447 accept ANY
export: to AS47447 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: M247 Ltd
import: from AS9009 accept ANY
export: to AS9009 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: Cogent Communications
import: from AS174 accept ANY
export: to AS174 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: RETN Ltd
import: from AS9002 accept ANY
export: to AS9002 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks:
remarks: NOC Contact: noc (at) servinga.com
remarks: Abuse Contact: abuse (at) servinga.com
remarks: Peering Contact: peering (at) servinga.com
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
admin-c: SGRH1-RIPE
tech-c: SGRH1-RIPE
status: ASSIGNED
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-END-MNT
mnt-by: MNT-ALLSYS
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2018-01-16T14:53:05Z
last-modified: 2020-04-27T11:21:52Z
source: RIPE

organisation: ORG-SG288-RIPE
org-name: servinga GmbH
country: DE
org-type: LIR
address: Ruesselsheimer Str. 22
address: 60326
address: Frankfurt
address: GERMANY
phone: +49 69 348 75 11 0
e-mail: [email protected]
admin-c: CL8090-RIPE
tech-c: CL8090-RIPE
abuse-c: AR46579-RIPE
mnt-ref: MNT-SERVINGA
mnt-ref: MNT-CHRISL
mnt-ref: mnt-de-fraconnect-1
mnt-ref: MEER-MNT
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2018-05-22T14:05:29Z
last-modified: 2023-01-09T12:24:22Z
source: RIPE

person: Christian Lertes
remarks: servinga GmbH
address: Ruesselsheimer Str. 22, 60326 Frankfurt, Germany
phone: +49 69 348 75 11 0
remarks:
remarks: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
remarks: * Complaints about Internet Abuse like SPAM, Hack Attacks, Scans, etc. *
remarks: * please mail to: ---> abuse [@] servinga [.] com <--- *
remarks: * Requests from law enforcement (only!), send fax to: +49 69 348751199 *
remarks: * Inquiries can only be processed, if sent to the correct address. *
remarks: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
remarks:
nic-hdl: SGRH1-RIPE
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2017-11-01T14:57:45Z
last-modified: 2021-02-13T11:40:28Z
source: RIPE

% This query was served by the RIPE Database Query Service version 1.114 (BUSA)


% This is the RIPE Database query service.
% The objects are in RPSL format.
%
% The RIPE Database is subject to Terms and Conditions.
% See https://docs.db.ripe.net/terms-conditions.html

% Information related to 'AS39378'

% Abuse contact for 'AS39378' is '[email protected]'

aut-num: AS39378
as-name: servinga
org: ORG-SG288-RIPE
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks: Current Transit Providers:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks:
remarks: 23media GmbH
import: from AS47447 accept ANY
export: to AS47447 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: M247 Ltd
import: from AS9009 accept ANY
export: to AS9009 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: Cogent Communications
import: from AS174 accept ANY
export: to AS174 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: RETN Ltd
import: from AS9002 accept ANY
export: to AS9002 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks:
remarks: NOC Contact: noc (at) servinga.com
remarks: Abuse Contact: abuse (at) servinga.com
remarks: Peering Contact: peering (at) servinga.com
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
admin-c: SGRH1-RIPE
tech-c: SGRH1-RIPE
status: ASSIGNED
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-END-MNT
mnt-by: MNT-ALLSYS
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2018-01-16T14:53:05Z
last-modified: 2020-04-27T11:21:52Z
source: RIPE

organisation: ORG-SG288-RIPE
org-name: servinga GmbH
country: DE
org-type: LIR
address: Ruesselsheimer Str. 22
address: 60326
address: Frankfurt
address: GERMANY
phone: +49 69 348 75 11 0
e-mail: [email protected]
admin-c: CL8090-RIPE
tech-c: CL8090-RIPE
abuse-c: AR46579-RIPE
mnt-ref: MNT-SERVINGA
mnt-ref: MNT-CHRISL
mnt-ref: mnt-de-fraconnect-1
mnt-ref: MEER-MNT
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2018-05-22T14:05:29Z
last-modified: 2023-01-09T12:24:22Z
source: RIPE

person: Christian Lertes
remarks: servinga GmbH
address: Ruesselsheimer Str. 22, 60326 Frankfurt, Germany
phone: +49 69 348 75 11 0
remarks:
remarks: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
remarks: * Complaints about Internet Abuse like SPAM, Hack Attacks, Scans, etc. *
remarks: * please mail to: ---> abuse [@] servinga [.] com <--- *
remarks: * Requests from law enforcement (only!), send fax to: +49 69 348751199 *
remarks: * Inquiries can only be processed, if sent to the correct address. *
remarks: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
remarks:
nic-hdl: SGRH1-RIPE
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2017-11-01T14:57:45Z
last-modified: 2021-02-13T11:40:28Z
source: RIPE

% This query was served by the RIPE Database Query Service version 1.114 (BUSA)


IX

IP.CC
Search
IP address details
AS39378
servinga GmbH ·www.servinga.com
IP address details
AS39378
servinga GmbH ·www.servinga.com

Summary

  • As Number
    AS39378
  • Org Name
    servinga GmbH
  • Country
    Germany
  • Country Code
    DE
  • Website
  • Regional Registry
    RIPE
  • Allocated Date
    16th January 2018
  • Allocated Status
    Allocated
  • Ipv4 Prefixes
    16
  • Ipv6 Prefixes
    3
  • Ipv4 Peers
    5
  • Ipv6 Peers
    12
  • Ipv4 Upstreams
    4
  • Ipv6 Upstreams
    4

Prefixes

There are 16 IPv4 Prefixes for this ASN.

IP Ranges API
Get this data and more with IPinfo's powerful IP Ranges API - quickly and easily identify company-owned IP ranges.
Useful for GameTech, and Advertising Technology
IP Ranges API
Get this data and more with IPinfo's powerful IP Ranges API - quickly and easily identify company-owned IP ranges.
Useful for GameTech, and Advertising Technology

Peers

There are 5 IPv4 Peers for this ASN.

Country
ASN
Description
IPv6
United StatesAS174
Cogent Communications
true
GermanyAS47447
23M GmbH
true
United StatesAS6939
Hurricane Electric LLC
true
United KingdomAS9002
RETN Limited
true
RomaniaAS9009
M247 Europe SRL
true
  • 1
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity

Upstream

There are 4 IPv4 Upstreams for this ASN.

Country
ASN
Description
IPv6
United StatesAS174
Cogent Communications
true
GermanyAS47447
23M GmbH
true
United KingdomAS9002
RETN Limited
true
RomaniaAS9009
M247 Europe SRL
true
  • 1
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity

Downstream

There are 0 IPv4 Downstreams for this ASN.

Country
ASN
Description
IPv6
暂无数据
  • 1
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity
ASN data
ASN details for every IP address and every ASN’s related domains, allocation date, registry name, total number of IP addresses, and assigned prefixes.
Useful for Cybersecurity

Graphs

AS39378 Combined Upstream Graph AS39378 AS39378 AS174 AS174 AS39378->AS174 AS9002 AS9002 AS39378->AS9002 AS9009 AS9009 AS39378->AS9009 AS47447 AS47447 AS39378->AS47447 AS2497 AS2497 AS174->AS2497 AS2914 AS2914 AS174->AS2914 AS7018 AS7018 AS174->AS7018 AS3356 AS3356 AS9002->AS3356 AS1239 AS1239 AS9002->AS1239 AS6461 AS6461 AS9002->AS6461 AS3257 AS3257 AS9002->AS3257 AS6453 AS6453 AS9002->AS6453 AS9009->AS174 AS9009->AS1239 AS9009->AS3257 AS5511 AS5511 AS9009->AS5511 AS1299 AS1299 AS47447->AS1299 AS3356->AS2497 AS3356->AS2914 AS3356->AS7018 AS209 AS209 AS3356->AS209 AS3549 AS3549 AS3356->AS3549 AS701 AS701 AS5511->AS701 AS1299->AS2497 AS1299->AS2914 AS1299->AS7018 AS1299->AS701
AS39378 Combined Upstream Graph AS39378 AS39378 AS174 AS174 AS39378->AS174 AS9002 AS9002 AS39378->AS9002 AS9009 AS9009 AS39378->AS9009 AS47447 AS47447 AS39378->AS47447 AS2497 AS2497 AS174->AS2497 AS2914 AS2914 AS174->AS2914 AS7018 AS7018 AS174->AS7018 AS3356 AS3356 AS9002->AS3356 AS1239 AS1239 AS9002->AS1239 AS6461 AS6461 AS9002->AS6461 AS3257 AS3257 AS9002->AS3257 AS6453 AS6453 AS9002->AS6453 AS9009->AS174 AS9009->AS1239 AS9009->AS3257 AS5511 AS5511 AS9009->AS5511 AS1299 AS1299 AS47447->AS1299 AS3356->AS2497 AS3356->AS2914 AS3356->AS7018 AS209 AS209 AS3356->AS209 AS3549 AS3549 AS3356->AS3549 AS701 AS701 AS5511->AS701 AS1299->AS2497 AS1299->AS2914 AS1299->AS7018 AS1299->AS701

World Map

WHOIS Details

% This is the RIPE Database query service.
% The objects are in RPSL format.
%
% The RIPE Database is subject to Terms and Conditions.
% See https://docs.db.ripe.net/terms-conditions.html

% Information related to 'AS39378'

% Abuse contact for 'AS39378' is '[email protected]'

aut-num: AS39378
as-name: servinga
org: ORG-SG288-RIPE
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks: Current Transit Providers:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks:
remarks: 23media GmbH
import: from AS47447 accept ANY
export: to AS47447 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: M247 Ltd
import: from AS9009 accept ANY
export: to AS9009 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: Cogent Communications
import: from AS174 accept ANY
export: to AS174 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: RETN Ltd
import: from AS9002 accept ANY
export: to AS9002 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks:
remarks: NOC Contact: noc (at) servinga.com
remarks: Abuse Contact: abuse (at) servinga.com
remarks: Peering Contact: peering (at) servinga.com
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
admin-c: SGRH1-RIPE
tech-c: SGRH1-RIPE
status: ASSIGNED
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-END-MNT
mnt-by: MNT-ALLSYS
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2018-01-16T14:53:05Z
last-modified: 2020-04-27T11:21:52Z
source: RIPE

organisation: ORG-SG288-RIPE
org-name: servinga GmbH
country: DE
org-type: LIR
address: Ruesselsheimer Str. 22
address: 60326
address: Frankfurt
address: GERMANY
phone: +49 69 348 75 11 0
e-mail: [email protected]
admin-c: CL8090-RIPE
tech-c: CL8090-RIPE
abuse-c: AR46579-RIPE
mnt-ref: MNT-SERVINGA
mnt-ref: MNT-CHRISL
mnt-ref: mnt-de-fraconnect-1
mnt-ref: MEER-MNT
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2018-05-22T14:05:29Z
last-modified: 2023-01-09T12:24:22Z
source: RIPE

person: Christian Lertes
remarks: servinga GmbH
address: Ruesselsheimer Str. 22, 60326 Frankfurt, Germany
phone: +49 69 348 75 11 0
remarks:
remarks: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
remarks: * Complaints about Internet Abuse like SPAM, Hack Attacks, Scans, etc. *
remarks: * please mail to: ---> abuse [@] servinga [.] com <--- *
remarks: * Requests from law enforcement (only!), send fax to: +49 69 348751199 *
remarks: * Inquiries can only be processed, if sent to the correct address. *
remarks: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
remarks:
nic-hdl: SGRH1-RIPE
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2017-11-01T14:57:45Z
last-modified: 2021-02-13T11:40:28Z
source: RIPE

% This query was served by the RIPE Database Query Service version 1.114 (BUSA)


% This is the RIPE Database query service.
% The objects are in RPSL format.
%
% The RIPE Database is subject to Terms and Conditions.
% See https://docs.db.ripe.net/terms-conditions.html

% Information related to 'AS39378'

% Abuse contact for 'AS39378' is '[email protected]'

aut-num: AS39378
as-name: servinga
org: ORG-SG288-RIPE
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks: Current Transit Providers:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks:
remarks: 23media GmbH
import: from AS47447 accept ANY
export: to AS47447 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: M247 Ltd
import: from AS9009 accept ANY
export: to AS9009 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: Cogent Communications
import: from AS174 accept ANY
export: to AS174 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: RETN Ltd
import: from AS9002 accept ANY
export: to AS9002 announce AS39378
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
remarks:
remarks: NOC Contact: noc (at) servinga.com
remarks: Abuse Contact: abuse (at) servinga.com
remarks: Peering Contact: peering (at) servinga.com
remarks:
remarks: ------------------------------------------------------------------
admin-c: SGRH1-RIPE
tech-c: SGRH1-RIPE
status: ASSIGNED
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-END-MNT
mnt-by: MNT-ALLSYS
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2018-01-16T14:53:05Z
last-modified: 2020-04-27T11:21:52Z
source: RIPE

organisation: ORG-SG288-RIPE
org-name: servinga GmbH
country: DE
org-type: LIR
address: Ruesselsheimer Str. 22
address: 60326
address: Frankfurt
address: GERMANY
phone: +49 69 348 75 11 0
e-mail: [email protected]
admin-c: CL8090-RIPE
tech-c: CL8090-RIPE
abuse-c: AR46579-RIPE
mnt-ref: MNT-SERVINGA
mnt-ref: MNT-CHRISL
mnt-ref: mnt-de-fraconnect-1
mnt-ref: MEER-MNT
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2018-05-22T14:05:29Z
last-modified: 2023-01-09T12:24:22Z
source: RIPE

person: Christian Lertes
remarks: servinga GmbH
address: Ruesselsheimer Str. 22, 60326 Frankfurt, Germany
phone: +49 69 348 75 11 0
remarks:
remarks: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
remarks: * Complaints about Internet Abuse like SPAM, Hack Attacks, Scans, etc. *
remarks: * please mail to: ---> abuse [@] servinga [.] com <--- *
remarks: * Requests from law enforcement (only!), send fax to: +49 69 348751199 *
remarks: * Inquiries can only be processed, if sent to the correct address. *
remarks: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
remarks:
nic-hdl: SGRH1-RIPE
mnt-by: MNT-SERVINGA
created: 2017-11-01T14:57:45Z
last-modified: 2021-02-13T11:40:28Z
source: RIPE

% This query was served by the RIPE Database Query Service version 1.114 (BUSA)


IX

Related Networks
  • AS39401
    Link+ Ltd
  • AS39422
    Sumy Computer Networks
  • AS39435
    JSC "ER-Telecom Holding"
  • AS39437
    Tomasz SLASKI trading as SKONET ISP
  • AS39445
    LLC Netiks
  • AS39449
    Fastcom Broadband Limited
  • AS39450
    AirBit GmbH
  • AS39455
    Jiri Tlapak
What is an ASN?
Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) are assigned to entities such as Internet Service Providers and other large organizations that control blocks of IP addresses. This network page, and the organization field that's shown on the main IP address information page and also returned in the geolocation API are based on the ASN.
IP.CC

An API to build on security, web personalization, marketing, and more

For the financial services sector and FinTech companies, IP.CC is an invaluable tool. Our clients in the financial industry love what we do, and we're excited to show you why.
IP.CC

Our IP Tools

Explore all toolsIP.CC
  • IP.CCPing

    Ping is a free tool to help you find IP addresses that can be pinged using the ICMP protocol. You can either lookup up an IP address or a CIDR block.

    Try PingIP.CC
  • IP.CCDNS

    DNS is a technique used to determine the hostname associated with an IP address. This is done searching hostname registry and registrar tables for PTR records.

    Try DNSIP.CC
  • IP.CCPort

    Port is a free tool for detecting open ports on your device. It automatically detects IP-address and scans your device, identifying open and vulnerable ports through which hackers.

    Try PortIP.CC
Frequently Asked Question